Thought Leadership
The Return to Cannes: Takeaways from MIPIM 2022
Following a pandemic-induced hiatus, MIPIM, Europe’s largest real estate event of the year, finally returned to the idyllic city of Cannes. More than 20,000 attendees eagerly came out to meet in-person and discuss the most prevalent topics and issues impacting the real estate sector. During my experience at the four-day event, the following major themes unsurprisingly dominated most of the conversations: rising interest rates and inflation, the conflict in Ukraine and ESG. Here’s my take on how those may impact our business and the broader European real estate market. Interest Rates and Inflation Similar to the U.S., inflation in Europe is reaching highs not seen in several decades with euro area inflation hitting 5.8% in February, driven primarily by rising energy prices and supply chain challenges. As a result of fast-rising inflation, central banks worldwide will likely pursue an increasingly hawkish strategy, bringing forward interest rate increases. All-equity buyers like W. P. Carey may be better positioned to execute on deals in this environment since they are not reliant on third-party debt financing. From a seller’s perspective, the timing to pursue a sale-leaseback may have never been better – locking in a long-term rental rate now while cap rates remain low, and before interest rates begin to rise significantly. War in Ukraine We are incredibly saddened by the events unfolding in Ukraine and are committed to doing our part to support those in need. As of now, it’s difficult to say how exactly the war will impact the real estate market but it will likely continue to stoke the flame of rising inflation globally due to economic disruptions which could further impact interest rates and borrowing costs. It’s also possible that some companies may take a “wait and see” approach to investing in neighboring countries to Ukraine and Russia until there’s more clarity on when the conflict will end. Focus on ESG ESG remained a prominent topic, particularly as regulatory and disclosure requirements continue to increase, forcing companies to define concrete, measurable goals. With the main theme of MIPIM being “driving urban change,” there was certainly a lot of discussion surrounding how the real estate industry can tackle climate change and net zero emissions as well as ensuring sustainability of new developments. At W. P. Carey, we are intensely focused on ESG. In 2021, we invested in several green buildings, including the acquisition of a 1.1-million-square-foot, BREEAM-certified logistics facility in the U.K., net leased to Jaguar Land Rover. We also issued our first green bond offering last year with $350 million of proceeds earmarked for green projects. From an asset management perspective, we take a proactive approach to communicating with our tenants on sustainability projects that can reduce their environmental impact and reduce operating costs, such as solar panels and building efficiency retrofits. For example, we worked with our tenant Sonae MC in Portugal on the installation of a solar roof which was completed last year. We also worked with our tenant Nippon Express on the installation of a one-million-square-foot solar roof, which is now one of the largest solar rooftops in Europe. While we still have much progress to make, we are focused on reducing the carbon footprint of our portfolio and believe that green buildings are not only beneficial for the environment but can also have a significant business impact for W. P. Carey, including increasing property values, driving higher rents and attracting high-caliber tenants.
Fighting Back Against Inflation with Real Estate
Inflation is at its highest point in 40 years. The consumer price index – a key indicator of inflation – rose 7.5% in the 12 months ending in January, far surpassing initial predictions from economists. For CFOs, this has meant a rapid increase in the cost of raw materials, manufacturing and overhead which significantly cuts into a businesses’ cash flows. In addition, the US is currently in the midst of a labor shortage stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. This has forced CFOs to increase wages and other compensation in order to secure and retain talent – another big blow to a company’s cash flows. To fight mounting costs, CFOs need to take a look at their company’s assets and find ways to free up capital on their balance sheets. One often overlooked asset is a company’s owned real estate. For companies not in the business of owning real estate, these assets add a significant weight on the balance sheet. However, through a sale-leaseback, companies can sell their real estate to an investor for cash while simultaneously entering into a long-term lease. The benefit of this type of transaction is that companies can realize 100% of the value of an otherwise illiquid asset and can immediately invest that capital back into their core business. In today’s high-inflationary environment, this capital could be used to offset immediate rising wholesale and labor costs in addition to funding long-term growth initiatives. Furthermore, companies can retain full operational control of their assets following a sale-leaseback, meaning there’s no disruption to day-to-day business. Now is also a particularly attractive time for CFOs to consider sale-leasebacks due to a number of macroeconomic factors. First, the U.S. Federal Reserve has signaled that they plan to raise interest rates as early as this month to counteract inflation. However, if a company pursues a sale-leaseback now, they can lock in today’s lower rates on a long-term basis. Second, competition for high-quality real estate – particularly industrial assets – remains at an all-time high due to investors seeking long-term, stable cash flows. As a result, corporate owners can secure a high price for their real estate, in addition to attractive lease structuring, giving them the opportunity to fully maximize the amount of proceeds they receive. Inflation certainly won’t last forever, but even a few months, or years, of rising prices can be devastating for businesses. While there are a number of tools CFOs can leverage to mitigate the impact of inflation, sale-leasebacks should not be overlooked. Unlocking the value of corporate real estate and reinvesting those proceeds back into the business can not only help companies ride out the current wave of rising prices, but also set them up with the capital needed for long-term growth and success.
To Have and to Hold
The net lease market is firing on all cylinders with record capital raising, persistent demand for reliable cash flows and the emergence of new players seeking low-maintenance assets offering predictable income and long-term leases. Aggressive market dynamics are driving cap rates to historic lows, making now an opportune time for sellers and private equity owners to unlock a lower cost of capital through a sale-leaseback of corporate real estate vs. traditional financing. However, with new sources of capital entering the market, it’s more difficult for sellers to navigate the expanding buyer pool and choose a capital partner that’s truly “the one.” In addition to more traditional net lease investors like public REITs, private and institutional investors have continued to grow their share of the net lease market. According to CBRE, institutional and equity funds accounted for $6.3 billion in volume in the second quarter of 2021, a 99% increase from the prior year. The steady performance of the sector coupled with attractive market dynamics position these funds well for an easy flip of their investments a few years down the line. However, this does not always leave sellers well positioned to take advantage of the full suite of benefits a sale-leaseback can offer if done so with the right partner. In order to choose the right buyer, sellers should ask themselves these three questions before settling down: 1. Does my company need flexibility over the long term? Unlike a fund, a long-term holder isn’t looking to hit a short-dated return hurdle and flip the asset 4-6 years down the line. Whether it’s a potential merger or subleasing underutilized space, a long-term landlord focused on deploying additional capital to support the evolving needs of its tenants may be a better fit than a short-term holder focused on disposition opportunities. 2. Is my company growing? While many tenants prefer quiet enjoyment of their space, having a landlord aligned with growth can be key. If a tenant wants to expand their existing facility to add space or make sustainability enhancements, a landlord aligned with long-term growth is happy to continue investing in the facility in a way that’s going to support the needs of its tenants and improve the long-term value of the property. 3. Do I understand the buyer's underwriting process? Most long-term investors will spend the time to get to know a business and its unique structure rather than relying solely on credit ratings or focusing on the real estate alone. This is particularly important for sub-investment grade or non-rated companies to ensure they are being valued appropriately during the underwriting process and able to maximize sale-leaseback proceeds. Conclusion Whether you’re a company looking to sell one asset or a portfolio of assets, it’s a big decision. Before jumping into that commitment, it’s important to remember that at the core of any relationship should be a true partnership. This means choosing a partner that will recognize the full value of your real estate from the start and support your evolving needs.
Why Tenant-Landlord Relationships Matter
Since our founding in 1973, W. P. Carey has been a long-term partner to our tenants. This means that when we invest in a property, we are also committed to advancing the tenant’s business and look to support their evolving real estate and capital needs throughout the duration of their lease and beyond. A Long-term Partner: Building Beyond the Original Transaction W. P. Carey partnered with Sonae MC, a leading Portuguese food retailer, in 2018 when it acquired its mission-critical warehouse facility in the Azambuja logistics park, Portugal’s prime logistics hub outside of Lisbon. Since its founding in 1985, Sonae MC has steadily grown its market share. Today, the company has more than 1,300 stores throughout Portugal and Spain, 35,000 employees and a broad range of products and services. At the time of the acquisition, Sonae MC was experiencing rapid growth, particularly through its city-center convenience stores and e-commerce operations. In order to meet rising demand and continue executing on its strategic plans, the company needed additional food distribution warehouse space. “In recent years, Sonae MC has been expanding its store portfolio, mostly with small, convenience stores; in the last decade, 750 new stores were opened. This growth will continue for the next few years to solidify even more of our dominant market share. This means our company’s logistics operation has to continue growing its warehouse footprint to be able to receive, prepare and ship an ever-growing number of merchandise," explained Rui Braz, Head of Area – Logistics Development at Sonae MC. To support Sonae MC’s growing business, W. P. Carey partnered with the company and agreed to fund a $28 million expansion of the Azambuja facility. Completed in 2020, the 300,000-square-foot expansion was custom built to Sonae MC’s specifications and totaled over 840,000 square feet, making it the largest refrigerated warehouse in Portugal. With the additional space, Sonae MC was able to increase its capacity and speed of supply to Mainland stores in the central and southern regions of Portugal. “The Azambuja expansion was part of a plan to strengthen our logistic capability, which makes it a fundamental piece to the company’s strategy,” said Braz. A Shared Vision: Committing to a Greener Future Our ability to support our tenants’ real estate needs goes beyond just expansions. We can also partner with our tenants on projects to help reduce their carbon footprint and meet their sustainability goals. W. P. Carey and Sonae MC are both committed to creating a greener future, which meant the expansion of the Azambuja warehouse was built with sustainability in mind. In 2021, a solar roof generating an estimated 4,000 MWh/year was successfully installed on the newly expanded facility, earning a LEED Gold certification for the property. This makes the facility Portugal’s first LEED Gold certified warehouse, an exciting milestone for W. P. Carey, Sonae MC and the country as a whole. “Receiving a LEED Gold certification for our new building in Azambuja, being the first in Portugal and, on top of that, the first for a refrigerated warehouse, is an important acknowledgement of our focus on sustainability. The thought that was put into multiple aspects like the isolation of the building, rainwater utilization system, and the investment in the photovoltaic solar plant–that reduces 30% of our electrical power grid needs for the entire facility–clearly portrays our intention in diminishing the operation’s environmental footprint,” Braz added. The new building is also equipped with innovative cooling and insulation systems that are more energy efficient and environmentally friendly. The joint delivery of fresh produce allows 20% fewer deliveries to shops, a reduction of 1.4 million km traveled per year and the equivalent of 1,100 tons of CO2 saved per year. A Win-Win: Long-term Benefits for Both Tenant and Landlord W. P. Carey prides itself on serving as a long-term, flexible partner to its tenants. By building strong relationships we are able to not only understand the business objectives of each tenant, but also their unique corporate values. In the case of Sonae MC, we were thrilled to have the opportunity to support them and their business needs, while also advancing our goal of reducing the carbon footprint of our overall portfolio. “W. P. Carey has had a fundamental role in the development of this project, proving to be the right partner along the entire process of building this warehouse and its sustainability and efficiency features, which we’re all proud of,” Braz concluded.
How Sellers Can Maximize Value During Times of Inflation
Driven by the economy reopening and increasing consumer demand, the US economy is experiencing the biggest surge in inflation in over a decade. The Fed expects higher-than-usual inflation to continue throughout the year, but believes it is transitory and will level off next year as supply chain bottlenecks caused by the pandemic resolve. Although inflation is often associated with negative factors such as higher prices for consumer goods and higher labor costs, corporate owner-occupiers can benefit from a surge in demand for hard assets through a sale-leaseback of their corporate real estate. In a sale-leaseback, a company sells its real estate to an investor for cash and simultaneously enters into a long-term lease. The seller works with the buyer to structure a lease for a period that meets its needs without having to worry about refinancing. The seller can then use the cash to grow its business, reduce debt or execute on other higher-return core business initiatives. While there are numerous reasons to leverage this cost-effective financing tool in all market conditions, there are added benefits for sellers amid rising inflation: Increased property values: During inflationary periods there is higher demand for hard assets such as commercial real estate, as it is a natural inflation hedge due to its appreciation over time. This means that more buyers are in the market, increasing competition and driving real estate prices higher. Less supply: Inflation leads to increased material and labor costs, which disincentivizes developers from building new properties and limits supply. This puts a premium on existing, high-quality properties, which reinforces the fact that sellers can unlock more value out of their real estate. Higher borrowing costs: The cost of borrowing is typically impacted during inflationary periods, as inflation devalues the currency and forces lenders to raise interest rates. As a result, loans will be a more expensive option for companies when compared to long-term sale-leaseback financing from all-equity buyers who are better positioned in an inflationary environment. Favorable rents: Before the Fed’s anticipated hike of interest rates next year, sellers have the opportunity to lock in current low rates on a very long-term basis. The lease term on a sale-leaseback is typically anywhere from 15 to 25 years compared a five- or even 10-year term on a commercial mortgage. Sale-leasebacks also enable the seller to unlock 100% of the value of the real estate compared to a bank mortgage, where 70% to 75% loan-to-value ratio is more likely. For corporate sellers seeking working capital this means now is the time to act. When considering a sale-leaseback, it’s important to partner with an experienced, all-equity buyer with both the expertise to close quickly and the capital to support its tenants’ long-term business objectives. W. P. Carey has specialized in sale-leasebacks for nearly 50 years and prides itself on being a long-term partner to its tenants. If you or your client are interested in selling your corporate real estate, contact us today.
Sale-leasebacks Are Back!
The sale-leaseback market is booming. Strong fundamentals including low interest rates, outsized demand for high-quality assets, an active M&A market and significant amounts of capital driven by cheap debt and strong currency make now an opportune time for sellers to execute a sale-leaseback and unlock otherwise illiquid capital tied up in their real estate. According to data from SLB Capital Advisors, sale-leaseback activity increased 17% in Q2 from the previous quarter, reaching $3.6 billion–the second highest in terms of deal volume since before the pandemic in Q4 2019. With interest rates unlikely to rise in the short term and property valuations being pushed higher as new investors enter the sale-leaseback market, we expect this high level of activity to continue into 2022. However, within the broader sale-leaseback market, each core property type–industrial, office and retail–faces unique headwinds and tailwinds, presenting new challenges and opportunities across each. Here’s how we think each will fare in 2022. The Industrial Surge The industrial real estate market continues to be one of the strongest sectors fueled by tailwinds related to the growth of e-commerce, including increased inventory requirements and record-low vacancy rates. These strong fundamentals mean that investor demand for industrial sale-leasebacks will only increase, particularly as new entrants enter the market. We are already seeing the effects of this–but as more entrants enter, the imbalance between the product available and demand for assets will continue to widen, driving prices higher and cap rates lower–even in traditionally non-core industrial markets. In addition, a lag in new development due to increased material and labor costs will keep real estate valuations for existing assets high. As a result, we don’t see the industrial market slowing any time soon–creating immense opportunity for sellers to maximize the value of their real estate through a sale-leaseback. Growing Office Optimism While office has certainly been a dark horse in the real estate market due to lockdowns and work-from-home mandates, there’s some optimism on the horizon going into 2022. Several big tech companies such as Google, Facebook and Amazon, have made investments in NYC office space this year, sparking early signs of recovery in the sector. In addition, Sun Belt markets such as Texas and Florida–where many urbanites migrated during the pandemic–are seeing an increase in demand for offices supported predominantly by the small and mid-size businesses located in those regions. For potential sellers, these are all positive signs and suggest that investor demand for certain office assets will rise in 2022, particularly for high-quality properties in strong markets leased to investment-grade tenants. Retail's Road to Recovery Similar to the office market, retail is seeing a recovery from COVID-19 pandemic lows. Retail foot traffic and sales continue to increase, but the rise of e-commerce has certainly left a lasting impact on the industry as a whole, as most retailers are now implementing hybrid store models which include both brick-and-mortar stores and online distribution. In the next few years, many retailers will likely reevaluate their portfolios in terms of number of stores, location and use–and many may downsize as online orders become a greater proportion of their sales. As a result, the overall level of occupied retail space will likely shrink, meaning the market will favor corporate sellers and tenants. In addition, we expect investor demand for essential retail such as grocery and quick-service-restaurants will remain strong in 2022, as those sectors have demonstrated exceptional resiliency during the pandemic and resulting economic downturn. We’ll likely also see an increase in volume of retail sale-leasebacks in Europe, particularly for those essential assets, as US-based investors expand into new markets to take advantage of different costs of capital. What's Next Overall, the outlook for sale-leasebacks remains positive across all three core property types, with 2021 shaping up to potentially be a record year for deal volume. As long as the market fundamentals remain strong, corporate sellers pursuing a sale-leaseback will be able to secure high valuations for their real estate assets while locking in current low rates for the long term. Working with an experienced sale-leaseback investor such as W. P. Carey ensures sellers unlock 100% fair market value of their assets–which can be reinvested into growth initiatives–and also provides a long-term capital partner that can support future real estate needs.
Sale-leaseback 101
What is a sale-leaseback? The concept is simple. For many companies, their real estate represents a significant cash value that could be redeployed to fund their core business operations and growth strategies. Through the “sale and leaseback” model (or sale-leaseback), a company sells its real estate to an investor for cash and simultaneously enters into a long-term lease with the new owner. In doing so, the seller extracts 100% of the property’s value and converts an otherwise illiquid asset into working capital, while maintaining full operational control of the facility. What are the benefits? There are many reasons why a company would consider monetizing its owned real estate. Sale-leasebacks offer companies an alternative to traditional bank financing. This is particularly advantageous during periods of uncertainty—as seen during COVID-19 when conventional financing was limited, especially for sub-investment grade companies. Whether a company is looking to invest in R&D, expand into a new market, fund an M&A transaction or simply de-lever, sale-leasebacks serve as a strategic capital allocation tool to fund both internal and external growth in all market conditions. Key benefits include: Immediate access to capital to reinvest in core business operations and growth initiatives with higher equity returns. We like to say that most businesses are not in the business of owning real estate. A sale-leaseback enables companies to focus on its core competencies, while capitalizing on the value arbitrage between the real estate valuation and the company’s EBITDA multiple. 100% market value realization of otherwise illiquid assets compared to the 65% to 75% of the appraised value that a typical mortgage would garner. Limited financial covenants, unlike some debt instruments, providing the seller with greater control over its operations. Alternative capital source when conventional financing is unavailable or limited. Retainment of operational control with no disruption to day-to-day operations. Potential tax benefits by deducting rental payments rather than being subject to interest limitations for traditional debt as defined by tax laws. Why now? Record level dry power, coupled with today’s low interest rate environment continue to drive investor demand for alternative investments such as real estate, pushing property values to all-time highs. These conditions make now an opportune time for sellers to maximize their proceeds and secure favorably priced, long-term capital via a sale-leaseback before interest rates rise again. In conclusion Key to the success of a sale-leaseback arrangement is finding an experienced and well-capitalized investor who can understand the unique requirements of each seller and structure the lease accordingly. When working with an investor like W. P. Carey, sellers have the added advantage of gaining a long-term partner who can support its tenants through long-term flexibility and additional capital should they wish to pursue follow-on projects such as expansions or energy retrofits as their business and real estate needs evolve.